Conversation Starters and Maintenance Strategies for Individuals with Autism

For many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), conversations can feel like navigating unfamiliar territory without a map. While neurotypical people often develop conversation skills intuitively, those with autism may benefit from more explicit strategies and frameworks. This blog post offers practical conversation starters and maintenance techniques that can help build confidence and competence in social interactions. 

Why Conversations Can Be Challenging 

Before diving into strategies, it's helpful to understand why conversations might be challenging for someone with autism: 

• Difficulty reading non-verbal cues (facial expressions, body language, tone of voice) 

• Challenges with understanding implied meanings or figurative language 

• Uncertainty about unwritten social rules and timing 

• Anxiety about saying the "wrong thing" or being misunderstood 

• Sensory overload in busy social environments 

• Managing attention between multiple conversation elements simultaneously 

These challenges are real, but they're not insurmountable. With practice and the right strategies, meaningful conversations become increasingly accessible. 

Effective Conversation Starters 

Prepared Questions and Topics 

Having a mental list of reliable conversation starters can provide a valuable safety net when meeting new people or entering unfamiliar social situations: 

• Interest-based questions: "Have you seen any good movies lately?" or "Do you play any video games?" 

• Context-relevant questions: "How do you know [mutual acquaintance]?" or "What brought you to this event?" 

• Compliment + question: "I like your t-shirt. Are you a fan of that band?" 

• Shared experiences: "The food here looks great. Have you tried anything you'd recommend?" 

• Current events: "I heard about [non-controversial current event]. What do you think about that?" 

The FORM Framework 

When struggling to think of topics, remember the FORM framework: 

• Family: "Do you have any siblings?" or "Did you grow up around here?" 

• Occupation: "What do you do for work?" or "How did you get interested in your field?" 

• Recreation: "What do you enjoy doing in your free time?" or "Have you picked up any new hobbies recently?" 

• Motivation: "What's something you're looking forward to this year?" or "What made you decide to attend this event?" 

Conversation Starters for Specific Settings 

School/Work: 

• "What projects are you working on currently?" 

• "How long have you been at this school/company?" 

• "What's your favorite part about studying/working here?" 

Social Events: 

• "How do you know the host?" 

• "Is this your first time at an event like this?" 

• "I'm trying to meet new people today. Mind if I join you for a bit?" 

Online Interactions: 

• "I noticed you're interested in [topic from their profile]. How did you get into that?" 

• "What brings you to this online group/forum?" 

• "I enjoyed your comment about [topic]. Could you tell me more about your perspective?" 

Conversation Maintenance Strategies 

Starting a conversation is just the first step. Maintaining the flow requires different skills: 

Active Listening Techniques 

• Verbal acknowledgments: Use phrases like "I see," "That makes sense," or "Interesting" to show you're engaged 

• Follow-up questions: Ask questions that build on what the person just shared 

• Paraphrasing: Occasionally repeat back what you heard in your own words to confirm understanding 

• Non-verbal cues: Nodding, maintaining appropriate eye contact, and facing the speaker 

Balanced Turn-Taking 

Many people with autism may find themselves either talking too much about their interests or struggling to contribute enough to the conversation. These strategies can help: 

• Mental timers: Aim to speak for roughly 30 seconds to 1 minute before pausing to give others a chance to respond 

• Conversation tennis: Visualize conversation as a tennis match where the ball (speaking turn) should go back and forth 

• Question-statement balance: After answering a question, follow up with a related question to the other person 

• Topic shifts: Be aware of signs that it might be time to change topics (short responses, looking away, checking phone) 

Conversation Repair Strategies 

When conversations hit a rough patch, these techniques can help get back on track: 

• Clarification requests: "I'm not sure I understood. Could you explain that differently?" 

• Topic shifts: "That reminds me of..." or "Speaking of which..." 

• Honest recovery: "I'm sorry, I lost track of our conversation. Could we go back to talking about...?" 

• Break acknowledgment: "I need a moment to process what you said" or "Sorry, I got distracted by [honest reason]" 

Exit Strategies 

Knowing how to gracefully end conversations is just as important as starting them: 

• Positive closing: "It's been really nice talking with you about [specific topic mentioned]" 

• Future reference: "I'd love to continue this conversation another time" 

• Honest needs: "I need to take a sensory break, but I enjoyed our conversation" 

• Clear conclusion: "I should go [legitimate reason], but thanks for chatting" 

Visual Supports and Reminders 

For many people with autism, visual aids can be tremendously helpful: 

• Conversation flow charts: Visual representations of common conversation patterns 

• Topic cards: Small cards with conversation topics and related questions 

• Social scripts: Written examples of how certain conversations typically unfold 

• Emotion recognition guides: Visual reminders of what different expressions might mean 

These can be reviewed before social situations or kept handy (perhaps on a smartphone) for quick reference during interactions. 

Practicing in Supportive Environments 

Like any skill, conversation abilities improve with practice. Consider these opportunities: 

• Structured social skills groups: Programs specifically designed to teach and practice conversation skills 

• Interest-based clubs: Groups centered around shared interests often provide natural conversation opportunities 

• Online communities: Text-based interaction can remove some of the pressure of in-person communication 

• Role-playing with trusted individuals: Practice with family members or therapists before trying in less predictable settings 

Self-Care During Social Interactions 

Managing conversations requires energy and attention. These self-care strategies can help prevent burnout: 

• Scheduled breaks: Plan for short breaks during longer social events 

• Setting time limits: Decide in advance how long you'll stay at an event 

• Sensory management: Bring items that help manage sensory overload (headphones, fidgets, etc.) 

• Self-validation: Acknowledge your effort and progress, regardless of how the interaction felt 

Taking breaks isn't a sign that you're doing something wrong—it’s a smart, healthy part of social success. 

When Conversation Isn't the Goal 

Sometimes, sharing space quietly with someone, offering a smile, or nodding hello can be meaningful too. Social connection comes in many forms. 

Remember: Quality Over Quantity 

It's worth emphasizing that the goal of these strategies isn't to make everyone with autism into non-stop conversationalists. Rather, it's to provide tools that allow for meaningful connections with others at a comfortable pace. Even brief, positive interactions can build relationships over time. 

A single genuine conversation where both parties feel heard and understood is worth more than numerous superficial exchanges. Focus on quality connections rather than quantity. 

Final Thoughts 

Conversation is an art, not a science—and like any art form, it's one that develops uniquely for each person. For individuals with autism, the journey toward comfortable social interaction often follows a different path, but the destination—meaningful human connection—remains the same. 

Think of these strategies not as rigid rules but as tools in your social toolkit. Some will work better than others depending on the situation, the people involved, and how you're feeling that day. The goal isn't perfection but progress—those moments when a conversation flows just a little longer or feels just a bit more natural than before. 

Every successful interaction, no matter how brief, builds neural pathways that make future conversations easier. Your brain is literally rewiring itself with each positive experience. This is why persistence matters more than perfection—each attempt is valuable training, regardless of the outcome. 

Remember that authentic connection happens when we allow ourselves to be genuinely curious about others while also being true to ourselves. The most memorable conversations often emerge not from flawless execution of social rules, but from moments of genuine shared humanity. 

April  28,  2025

Hye Ryeon Lee, PhD

Hye Ryeon is a neuroscientist with over 10 years of experience studying Autism Spectrum Disorder, including at the Stanford University School of Medicine. She has published numerous papers on the mechanisms of autism in journals such as Nature, Science, and Nature Neuroscience.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/hyeryeonlee/